Win by two
A table tennis game is tied at 10-10, and from now on it must be won by two clear points. You win each point with probability , independently of the other points.
What is the probability that you win the game?
Fractions, decimals with at least 3 significant digits, and expressions such as sqrt(2)/2, e^-1 or pi/4.
Look at the next two points. Either one player wins both, or they split them and the score is tied again.
Write for your probability of winning from a tie, and condition on the next two points.
h
s Shown after a correct answer. Revealing it first marks the problem as seen, not solved.
Idea. From a tie, the next two points either decide the game (one player wins both) or bring back a tie. So the game is a repeated trial of pairs of points.
Step 1. With and , the next two points are:
- both yours: probability , you win;
- both your opponent's: probability , you lose;
- split: probability , tied again.
Step 2. Let be your probability of winning from a tie: so using .
Step 3.
Remark. Requiring two clear points amplifies the stronger player's edge: you win 40% of points but only about 31% of tied games. The same holds at deuce in tennis, which is reached from 30-30 as well.