Bidding on what the seller knows
A seller owns an item worth dollars to them, where is uniformly distributed between 0 and 100. The seller knows ; you do not. The item is worth dollars to you.
You make a single offer of dollars. The seller accepts if and only if , and then you pay and get the item. Otherwise nothing happens.
Which offer maximises your expected profit?
Fractions, decimals with at least 3 significant digits, and expressions such as sqrt(2)/2, e^-1 or pi/4.
If the seller accepts your offer , what do you learn about ?
Write your expected profit as a function of and find its maximum.
h
s Shown after a correct answer. Revealing it first marks the problem as seen, not solved.
Idea. An accepted offer is bad news: the seller accepts exactly when the item is worth less to them than your offer. Taking that into account, every positive offer loses money on average. This is the winner's curse.
Step 1: what acceptance tells you. Take . The seller accepts with probability , and given acceptance, is uniform on , with mean . So the item is then worth on average to you, and you pay .
Step 2: expected profit. For the seller always accepts and your profit is .
Step 3. The expected profit is negative for every positive offer and zero for . The best offer is 0: do not bid.
The intuition trap. On average the item is worth 50 dollars to the seller and 75 to you, which suggests a profitable trade. But the seller only sells the items that are worth less to them than your offer, so you only buy the bad ones. An offer can only pay if the item is worth more than twice as much to you as to the seller: with in place of , the profit is .