Problem 208
medium
Mean of the upper tail
is a standard normal random variable. Find .
You may use and , where and are the standard normal density and distribution function.
Answer
Fractions, decimals with at least 3 significant digits, and expressions such as sqrt(2)/2, e^-1 or pi/4.
Hints 0/2
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h
Solution
s Shown after a correct answer. Revealing it first marks the problem as seen, not solved.
Idea. The density of the normal has the property , so the partial mean above a threshold is just the density at the threshold.
Step 1: the partial mean.
Step 2: condition.
In general. , the inverse Mills ratio. At it is , and for large it is about : the tail beyond a high threshold sits just above the threshold. This is the calculation behind expected shortfall for normal returns.