Problem 196
medium
Heads times tails
A fair coin is tossed 100 times. Let be the number of heads and the number of tails. Find .
Answer
Fractions, decimals with at least 3 significant digits, and expressions such as sqrt(2)/2, e^-1 or pi/4.
Hints 0/2
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h
Solution
s Shown after a correct answer. Revealing it first marks the problem as seen, not solved.
Idea. is a quadratic in , so its mean needs the variance of , not just its mean.
Step 1. is binomial with , : and , so .
Step 2.
The trap. treats and as if they were independent. They are perfectly negatively related, and .
Another route. Count pairs: is the number of ordered pairs (a head toss, a tail toss). There are ordered pairs of different tosses, and each is (head, tail) with probability : .